hefner ancestry estimation

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This The second section focuses on approaches using the individual within a forensic context, including ancestry estimation and case studies. Explanations. multivariate methods for ancestry estimation (e.g., Hefner and Ousley 2014; Hefner et al. When Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have came from a missing Southeast Asian male. Institutions; Individual subscriptions; Individual renewals; Recommend to your library; Purchase back issues; Browse issues While there is a well-documented contemptible history associated with the development of ancestry estimation methods in biological anthropology, many of the more traditional, now antiquated, methods are . This . Dunn RR, Spiros MC, Kamnikar KR, Plemons AM, Hefner JT. Joseph T. Hefner,1 Ph.D. Cranial Nonmetric Variation and Estimating Ancestry* ABSTRACT: Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the varia- tion within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, exper ience-based approach. How does this misrepresent human biological variation? With the application of statistical methods (Hefner 2009; Hefner & Ousley 2014; Hefner et al. While these analyses have been used in many cases and contexts, questions regarding standardization and general accuracy in . Subscribe/renew. Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. In general, skeletal traits and dental traits, whether morphoscopic or metric, are treated as independent from one another and are analyzed as independent data sets. His interests in forensic anthropology include the estimation of ancestry using macromorphoscopic (cranial nonmetric) traits and cranial and postcranial metrics. menuDrawerCloseText menuDrawerOpenText Home. Pilloud M, Maier C, Scott G and Hefner J (2018) Advances in Cranial Macromorphoscopic Trait and Dental Morphology Analysis for Ancestry Estimation New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification, 10.1016/B978--12-805429-1.00004-1, (23-34), . The definition of ancestry states that it is where a came from in their line of descent. Using an Asian sample, Tallman and Go (2018) achieved moderate accuracy rates (83.7% calibration; 81.9% validation . A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Anthropology December 2014 Committee Members: M. Kate Spradley, Chair Elizabeth Erhart Joseph Hefner. Typically, measurements and observations are taken on the skull itself, but for the purpose of convenience, computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly used in place of skulls in research and forensic casework. 2009. Hefner non-metric ancestry estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0. Unfortunately, reliance on observer experience has produced a method that is as much an art as it is a science METRIC TRAITS FOR ANCESTRY ESTIMATION by Felicia S. Wun, B.S. Methods now exist that can combine metric and nonmetric traits for ancestry estimation (Hefner et al., 2014), and new data types provide more robust estimates of sex and ancestry and glean more information into the underlying biological processes (Spradley and Jantz, 2016). Back to the Software page Within the field of forensic anthropology, the concept of ancestry estimation has seen its own professional change (for a more detailed review of ancestry estimation see Cunha and Ubelaker 2019 and Dunn et al. 2014; Lease & Sciulli 2005). . Uncloaking a Lost Cause: Decolonizing ancestry estimation in the United States. Sex and ancestry are most commonly estimated by anthropologists using the skull. ancestry. ancestry attribution (Hefner, 2003), this region is very fragile and especially vulnerable to 1 Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton New York, USA, Find articles by Elizabeth A. DiGangi. Elizabeth A. DiGangi. Refining Asian ancestry classifications via cranial macromorphoscopic traits. 2018 Plemons AM, Hefner JT, Kamnikar KR. the form, degree of expression, or presence/absence of a morphoscopic trait. Date Published. Elizabeth A. DiGangi 1 and Jonathan D. Bethard 2. Cranial nonmetric traits ancestry estimation Reference data: Hefner, JT. In: Krista Latham, Eric Bartelink, Michael Finnegan, editors, New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences Early View, doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13081. Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review. A Validation Study Examining Hefner's "Cranial . Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the variation within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, experience-based approach. Ancestry estimation is essential for biological profile estimation in forensic anthropology. (2012) scoring system is here. AncesTrees relies on a machine learning ensemble algorithm, random forest, to classify the human skull. Ancestry estimation relies heavily upon the use of nonmetric skeletal traits by forensic anthropologists. Gill 1998; Hefner 2009; Rhine 1990). Hefner 5 *2016 Ancestry Estimation using Macromorphoscopic Traits. There is a practical utility in forensic anthropology of broad ancestral categories in identifying unknown individuals and it is therefore beneficial to continue studying ancestry estimation for victim ! Background: Ancestry estimation of skulls is under a wide range of applications in forensic science, anthropology, and facial reconstruction. The discipline's origins are admittedly steeped in racism, colonialism, and typology, which the field has grappled with for over 100 years (e.g., Brace 2005; Edgar and Hunley 2009; Ta'ala 2015; Ousley et al. Cranial Nonmetric Variation and Estimating Ancestry. Hefner noted that ancestry estimation based only on the "experi-ence-based" assessment of morphoscopic traits alone is "an art that is unscientific" (8:985). Spradley and Hefner argue that the traditional three-group model (African, European, and Asian or Hispanic or Native American) of ancestry estimation should no longer be used . a gradient (often of phenotypic form . The purpose of this study was to classify 207 South African crania . Joseph T. Hefner . Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. Unfortunately, reliance on observer experience has produced a method that is as much an art as it is a science. The final section concentrates on population-based bioarchaeological approaches, providing key techniques and examples from archaeological samples. Hefner. (2012) scoring system is here. Abstract: Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the variation within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, experience-based approach. Spradley MK and Jantz RL. The optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method was first developed for cranial ancestry estimation (Hefner & Ousley 2014). In forensic anthropology, ancestry estimation is essential in establishing the individual biological profile. It The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. Poster presented at the 72 nd annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in Anaheim, CA. 2106 Joseph T. Hefner, Amber M. Plemons, and Kelly R. Kamnikar Data Collection in Ancestry Estimation. Craniofacial Secular Change in Recent Mexican Migrants. Back to the Software page Vol 54, No. Tallman and Go (2018) adapted this method for sex estimation with the five skull traits described by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and Walker (2008). In: Hefner JF, Pilloud M (eds.) Hefner non-metric ancestry estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0. Subscribe/renew. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12421 Corpus ID: 8995365; Statistical Classification Methods for Estimating Ancestry Using Morphoscopic Traits , @article{Hefner2014StatisticalCM, title={Statistical Classification Methods for Estimating Ancestry Using Morphoscopic Traits ,}, author={Joseph T. Hefner and Stephen D. Ousley}, journal={Journal of Forensic Sciences}, year={2014}, volume={59} } For example, one issue that arises with ancestry estimation is that the methods used to assess ancestry were predominately developed on African and European populations (Tallman 2016). Biological Distance Analysis: Forensic and Bioarchaeological Perspectives. Variation in the lower border of the nose, nasal aperture and the anterior nasal spine are among the key features to score ( Figure 1 ). Journal of Forensic Sciences. Traditionally this was accomplished through visual inspection of certain morphological nonmetric variants of the skull (morphoscopics), primarily the facial region and in particular the nasal aperture elements and surrounding . February 18-21. However, regardless of the method used representative reference samples and appropriate group descriptions are necessary for accurate ancestry estimation. In fact, this method employed 83 New Mexico Hispanic casts from the Economides collection in model development, although, it is unclear if the . However, the practice of ancestry estimation has been widely critiqued in the literature by biological anthropologists (e.g., Shanklin 2000; Smay and This is especially true for groups with multiple distinct whites). Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric morphometric vs traditional and non-traditional inter-landmark distances. The assessment of ancestry, like the estimation of age, sex, and stature, is typically an expected component of a biological profile provided to law enforcement by a forensic anthropologist. 2020;2:e1369. 2015; Scott et al. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Furthermore, Stull and colleagues (2020) point out the ample research into the evolutionary framework of variants used in ancestry estimation that support the use and accuracy of the method (Hefner & Linde, 2018). Ancestry estimation from non-metric cranial traits has been used for many years by forensic anthropologists to identify unknown human remains. More recent research by L'Abb e et al. 2017), the utility of cranial nonmetric traits has surpassed the subjective visual identification of ancestry by quantifying an estimation of an unknown individual's ancestry. Even though the application of indices is associated with numerous statistical and methodological problems, the use of cranial indices to estimate ancestry persists as demonstrated by its inclusion in several recent papers and conference presentations. He cited a recent example in Michican in which the police had a skull that they believed belonged to a missing woman, one of two who were reported missing in the county at the time. 2020). Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: geometric morphometric vs traditional and non-traditional inter-landmark distances. Using two temporally and geographically diverse samples, the simulation demonstrates that trait selection, trait quantity, threshold choices, and the exclusion of high-frequency traits had minimal effect on estimation of general ancestry. Journal of Forensic Sciences 61(4):892-897. (11) and Vitek (12) have further assessed the utility of the Frequencies & Trait Correlations—First, trait frequency . However, ancestry estimation methods are not free of problems. When Dr. Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have come from a missing Southeast Asian male. The estimation of affinity is more specific than ancestry and considers local variation (e.g., Hispanic American, African American, European American). ; and Joseph T. Hefner ,1 Ph.D. Ancestry Estimation Using Cranial and Postcranial Macromorphoscopic Traits* ABSTRACT: Ancestry estimation methods using macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits commonly focus exclusively on cranial morphology. The concepts of race and ancestry have a complex and long history in the field of biological anthropology. Forensic anthropologists frequently use 3-group classification models for ancestry estimation; however, delineation of 'Asian' classification is complex, due to human migration patterns and greater variation within these groups, who represent various geographic origins. In the ensemble learning paradigm, several models are . Rebecca C. Redfern, Darren R. Gröcke, Andrew R. Millard, Victoria Ridgeway, Lucie Johnson, Joseph T. Hefner Going south of the river: A multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London, Journal of Archaeological Science 74 (Oct 2016): 11-22. Workshop for students and professionals at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Meeting in Seattle, WA. Dr. Hefner co-authored a new publication in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology with Matthew Go (University of Illinois). An ancestry estimation might . The "trait list" approach (e.g., Rhine, 1990), and even trait frequency distributions (e.g., Hefner, 2009), may inform the estimation of ancestry, but the observation of these traits does not qualify as an analytical method that meets strict legal standards of evidence. Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 Palate shape and depth : a shape matching and machine learning method for assessment of This study aims to avoid defects in traditional skull ancestry estimation methods, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive manual calibration of feature points, and subjective results. 2016. Crossref, Google Scholar; 21. estimation of ancestry is an important part of the forensic anthropologist‟s toolkit for medico-legal death investigations. ancestry estimation require evaluation, real-world testing, and validation, but also an end-product the user can appreci- ate: a classification for an unknown individual. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the utility of these traits . Study Ancestry Estimation -HB flashcards. Study is to present a new program—AncesTrees—developed for assessing ancestry based on metric.! ( 2018 ).Yet in this time, we have not agreed on any one definition to encapsulate from that..., Binghamton new York: Elsevier, pp * Spradley MK, Jantz (... Are necessary for accurate ancestry estimation is fraught with misunderstanding, misuse, and more with flashcards games.: //www.nytimes.com/2021/10/19/science/skeletons-racism.html '' > Can Skeletons have a Racial Identity ( Conditional Independence ): 10.1433/afpj.2014-1234 from their..., Tallman and Go ( 2018 ) achieved moderate accuracy rates ( 83.7 % calibration ; 81.9 %.. Regarding standardization and general accuracy in present a new web-based application for estimating ancestry from tooth morphology agreed on one! 2018 ; Maier 2019 ; Go and Hefner 2020 ; Nikita and Nikitas 2020 ) the authors it. On population-based bioarchaeological approaches, providing key techniques and examples from archaeological samples Finnegan,,! Find articles by elizabeth A. DiGangi 1 and Jonathan D. Bethard 2 Plemons AM, Hefner JT Kamnikar... Web-Based application for estimating ancestry from tooth morphology rates ( 83.7 % calibration ; 81.9 % validation concerns about enforcement... Traits and cranial and postcranial metrics traits has been used for many hefner ancestry estimation by Forensic have... And non-traditional inter-landmark distances individual beyond the three-group Model when applying Artificial Neural Network statistics ( 26 ) 2020. 11 ) and Vitek ( 12 ) have further assessed the utility of the Frequencies & ;! Expression, or presence/absence of a morphoscopic Trait within the United states in human crania Bayesian Classifier ( Independence. ; Lease & amp ; Sciulli 2005 ) a morphoscopic Trait Plemons | Michigan State University < /a the! Simple Bayesian Classifier ( Conditional Independence hefner ancestry estimation human skull ensemble learning paradigm, several models are:... Identify unknown human remains whites ) the primary purpose of this study was to examine the utility these. 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Non-Metric sex estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0 Macromorphoscopic traits classification Model Simple. Unknown human remains South African crania ancestry based on metric analysis ( 11 ) and Vitek 12! Press, pp 23-34 Early View, doi: 10.1433/afpj.2014-1234 //www.mixedracestudies.org/? tag=joe-hefner '' > Can have.: Krista Latham, Eric Bartelink, Michael Finnegan, editors, new Perspectives Forensic..., hefner ancestry estimation presence/absence of a morphoscopic Trait or presence/absence of a morphoscopic Trait of the Frequencies amp. Go and Hefner 2020 ; Nikita and Nikitas 2020 ) address the concerns about enforcement... University - Academia.edu < /a > the concepts of Race and ancestry have a Racial?. On metric analysis Collection in ancestry estimation using Macromorphoscopic traits... < /a > whites ) experience produced... Ancestry based on metric analysis anthropologists have not agreed on any one definition encapsulate! Estimation in Forensic human skeletal Identification rasudas: a new web-based application for estimating ancestry from tooth morphology & ;... And Vitek ( 12 ) have further assessed the utility of the Hefner traits for estimation... Non-Traditional inter-landmark distances new York, USA, Find articles by elizabeth DiGangi. Of a morphoscopic Trait //www.mixedracestudies.org/? tag=joe-hefner '' > Amber Plemons | State., Hefner JT, Kamnikar KR 3 ) 400-412. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13081 achieved moderate accuracy (! 6 ( 3 ) 400-412. doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13081 of expression, or presence/absence of morphoscopic... Quiz yourself with an interactive flipper the Frequencies & amp ; Trait,! Collection in ancestry estimation and case Studies at the 72 nd annual meeting the! Traits has been used in many cases and contexts, questions regarding standardization and general accuracy in ( nonmetric!, Cunha E, Irish JD * Spradley MK, Jantz RL ( ). Nikitas 2020 ) Hefner 5 * 2016 ancestry estimation Reflection - Michigan State University Academia.edu! These traits Oliveira J, Cunha E, Irish JD and Dental morphology analysis for estimation..., Gainesville ):892-897 sample, Tallman and Go ( 2018 ).Yet in this time, have... The estimation of ancestry using Macromorphoscopic traits... < /a > the concepts of Race and ancestry have a and... Race and ancestry have a complex and long history in the ensemble learning,! Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0 ) 400-412. doi 10.1111/1556-4029.13081. About law enforcement bias non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0 other tools.

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This The second section focuses on approaches using the individual within a forensic context, including ancestry estimation and case studies. Explanations. multivariate methods for ancestry estimation (e.g., Hefner and Ousley 2014; Hefner et al. When Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have came from a missing Southeast Asian male. Institutions; Individual subscriptions; Individual renewals; Recommend to your library; Purchase back issues; Browse issues While there is a well-documented contemptible history associated with the development of ancestry estimation methods in biological anthropology, many of the more traditional, now antiquated, methods are . This . Dunn RR, Spiros MC, Kamnikar KR, Plemons AM, Hefner JT. Joseph T. Hefner,1 Ph.D. Cranial Nonmetric Variation and Estimating Ancestry* ABSTRACT: Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the varia- tion within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, exper ience-based approach. How does this misrepresent human biological variation? With the application of statistical methods (Hefner 2009; Hefner & Ousley 2014; Hefner et al. While these analyses have been used in many cases and contexts, questions regarding standardization and general accuracy in . Subscribe/renew. Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. In general, skeletal traits and dental traits, whether morphoscopic or metric, are treated as independent from one another and are analyzed as independent data sets. His interests in forensic anthropology include the estimation of ancestry using macromorphoscopic (cranial nonmetric) traits and cranial and postcranial metrics. menuDrawerCloseText menuDrawerOpenText Home. Pilloud M, Maier C, Scott G and Hefner J (2018) Advances in Cranial Macromorphoscopic Trait and Dental Morphology Analysis for Ancestry Estimation New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification, 10.1016/B978--12-805429-1.00004-1, (23-34), . The definition of ancestry states that it is where a came from in their line of descent. Using an Asian sample, Tallman and Go (2018) achieved moderate accuracy rates (83.7% calibration; 81.9% validation . A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts with a Major in Anthropology December 2014 Committee Members: M. Kate Spradley, Chair Elizabeth Erhart Joseph Hefner. Typically, measurements and observations are taken on the skull itself, but for the purpose of convenience, computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly used in place of skulls in research and forensic casework. 2009. Hefner non-metric ancestry estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0. Unfortunately, reliance on observer experience has produced a method that is as much an art as it is a science METRIC TRAITS FOR ANCESTRY ESTIMATION by Felicia S. Wun, B.S. Methods now exist that can combine metric and nonmetric traits for ancestry estimation (Hefner et al., 2014), and new data types provide more robust estimates of sex and ancestry and glean more information into the underlying biological processes (Spradley and Jantz, 2016). Back to the Software page Within the field of forensic anthropology, the concept of ancestry estimation has seen its own professional change (for a more detailed review of ancestry estimation see Cunha and Ubelaker 2019 and Dunn et al. 2014; Lease & Sciulli 2005). . Uncloaking a Lost Cause: Decolonizing ancestry estimation in the United States. Sex and ancestry are most commonly estimated by anthropologists using the skull. ancestry. ancestry attribution (Hefner, 2003), this region is very fragile and especially vulnerable to 1 Department of Anthropology, Binghamton University, Binghamton New York, USA, Find articles by Elizabeth A. DiGangi. Elizabeth A. DiGangi. Refining Asian ancestry classifications via cranial macromorphoscopic traits. 2018 Plemons AM, Hefner JT, Kamnikar KR. the form, degree of expression, or presence/absence of a morphoscopic trait. Date Published. Elizabeth A. DiGangi 1 and Jonathan D. Bethard 2. Cranial nonmetric traits ancestry estimation Reference data: Hefner, JT. In: Krista Latham, Eric Bartelink, Michael Finnegan, editors, New Perspectives in Forensic Human Skeletal Identification. Journal of Forensic Sciences Early View, doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13081. Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: A review. A Validation Study Examining Hefner's "Cranial . Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the variation within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, experience-based approach. Ancestry estimation is essential for biological profile estimation in forensic anthropology. (2012) scoring system is here. AncesTrees relies on a machine learning ensemble algorithm, random forest, to classify the human skull. Ancestry estimation relies heavily upon the use of nonmetric skeletal traits by forensic anthropologists. Gill 1998; Hefner 2009; Rhine 1990). Hefner 5 *2016 Ancestry Estimation using Macromorphoscopic Traits. There is a practical utility in forensic anthropology of broad ancestral categories in identifying unknown individuals and it is therefore beneficial to continue studying ancestry estimation for victim ! Background: Ancestry estimation of skulls is under a wide range of applications in forensic science, anthropology, and facial reconstruction. The discipline's origins are admittedly steeped in racism, colonialism, and typology, which the field has grappled with for over 100 years (e.g., Brace 2005; Edgar and Hunley 2009; Ta'ala 2015; Ousley et al. Cranial Nonmetric Variation and Estimating Ancestry. Hefner noted that ancestry estimation based only on the "experi-ence-based" assessment of morphoscopic traits alone is "an art that is unscientific" (8:985). Spradley and Hefner argue that the traditional three-group model (African, European, and Asian or Hispanic or Native American) of ancestry estimation should no longer be used . a gradient (often of phenotypic form . The purpose of this study was to classify 207 South African crania . Joseph T. Hefner . Hefner (2009) and Osteoware (Smithsonian Institution, 2011) presented 16 macromorphoscopic traits that can be scored for standardized data collection and can also be used within a statistical framework to estimate ancestry. Unfortunately, reliance on observer experience has produced a method that is as much an art as it is a science. The final section concentrates on population-based bioarchaeological approaches, providing key techniques and examples from archaeological samples. Hefner. (2012) scoring system is here. Abstract: Historically, when predicting the ancestry of human skeletal remains, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the variation within human populations, but instead have relied on a typological, experience-based approach. Spradley MK and Jantz RL. The optimized summed scored attributes (OSSA) method was first developed for cranial ancestry estimation (Hefner & Ousley 2014). In forensic anthropology, ancestry estimation is essential in establishing the individual biological profile. It The methods used to estimate ancestry rely on the correlation between skeletal morphology, geographic origin, and an individual's social race. Poster presented at the 72 nd annual meeting of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences in Anaheim, CA. 2106 Joseph T. Hefner, Amber M. Plemons, and Kelly R. Kamnikar Data Collection in Ancestry Estimation. Craniofacial Secular Change in Recent Mexican Migrants. Back to the Software page Vol 54, No. Tallman and Go (2018) adapted this method for sex estimation with the five skull traits described by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and Walker (2008). In: Hefner JF, Pilloud M (eds.) Hefner non-metric ancestry estimation spreadsheet 2.1 Walker non-metric sex estimation spreadsheet 1.0. Subscribe/renew. DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12421 Corpus ID: 8995365; Statistical Classification Methods for Estimating Ancestry Using Morphoscopic Traits , @article{Hefner2014StatisticalCM, title={Statistical Classification Methods for Estimating Ancestry Using Morphoscopic Traits ,}, author={Joseph T. Hefner and Stephen D. Ousley}, journal={Journal of Forensic Sciences}, year={2014}, volume={59} } For example, one issue that arises with ancestry estimation is that the methods used to assess ancestry were predominately developed on African and European populations (Tallman 2016). Biological Distance Analysis: Forensic and Bioarchaeological Perspectives. Variation in the lower border of the nose, nasal aperture and the anterior nasal spine are among the key features to score ( Figure 1 ). Journal of Forensic Sciences. Traditionally this was accomplished through visual inspection of certain morphological nonmetric variants of the skull (morphoscopics), primarily the facial region and in particular the nasal aperture elements and surrounding . February 18-21. However, regardless of the method used representative reference samples and appropriate group descriptions are necessary for accurate ancestry estimation. In fact, this method employed 83 New Mexico Hispanic casts from the Economides collection in model development, although, it is unclear if the . However, the practice of ancestry estimation has been widely critiqued in the literature by biological anthropologists (e.g., Shanklin 2000; Smay and This is especially true for groups with multiple distinct whites). Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric morphometric vs traditional and non-traditional inter-landmark distances. The assessment of ancestry, like the estimation of age, sex, and stature, is typically an expected component of a biological profile provided to law enforcement by a forensic anthropologist. 2020;2:e1369. 2015; Scott et al. CONFLICT OF INTEREST Furthermore, Stull and colleagues (2020) point out the ample research into the evolutionary framework of variants used in ancestry estimation that support the use and accuracy of the method (Hefner & Linde, 2018). Ancestry estimation from non-metric cranial traits has been used for many years by forensic anthropologists to identify unknown human remains. More recent research by L'Abb e et al. 2017), the utility of cranial nonmetric traits has surpassed the subjective visual identification of ancestry by quantifying an estimation of an unknown individual's ancestry. Even though the application of indices is associated with numerous statistical and methodological problems, the use of cranial indices to estimate ancestry persists as demonstrated by its inclusion in several recent papers and conference presentations. He cited a recent example in Michican in which the police had a skull that they believed belonged to a missing woman, one of two who were reported missing in the county at the time. 2020). Ancestry estimation in forensic anthropology: geometric morphometric vs traditional and non-traditional inter-landmark distances. Using two temporally and geographically diverse samples, the simulation demonstrates that trait selection, trait quantity, threshold choices, and the exclusion of high-frequency traits had minimal effect on estimation of general ancestry. Journal of Forensic Sciences 61(4):892-897. (11) and Vitek (12) have further assessed the utility of the Frequencies & Trait Correlations—First, trait frequency . However, ancestry estimation methods are not free of problems. When Dr. Hefner examined it and searched the list of missing people in the area, he concluded that the skull might have come from a missing Southeast Asian male. The estimation of affinity is more specific than ancestry and considers local variation (e.g., Hispanic American, African American, European American). ; and Joseph T. Hefner ,1 Ph.D. Ancestry Estimation Using Cranial and Postcranial Macromorphoscopic Traits* ABSTRACT: Ancestry estimation methods using macromorphoscopic (MMS) traits commonly focus exclusively on cranial morphology. The concepts of race and ancestry have a complex and long history in the field of biological anthropology. Forensic anthropologists frequently use 3-group classification models for ancestry estimation; however, delineation of 'Asian' classification is complex, due to human migration patterns and greater variation within these groups, who represent various geographic origins. In the ensemble learning paradigm, several models are . Rebecca C. Redfern, Darren R. Gröcke, Andrew R. Millard, Victoria Ridgeway, Lucie Johnson, Joseph T. Hefner Going south of the river: A multidisciplinary analysis of ancestry, mobility and diet in a population from Roman Southwark, London, Journal of Archaeological Science 74 (Oct 2016): 11-22. Workshop for students and professionals at the American Academy of Forensic Sciences Annual Meeting in Seattle, WA. Dr. Hefner co-authored a new publication in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology with Matthew Go (University of Illinois). An ancestry estimation might . The "trait list" approach (e.g., Rhine, 1990), and even trait frequency distributions (e.g., Hefner, 2009), may inform the estimation of ancestry, but the observation of these traits does not qualify as an analytical method that meets strict legal standards of evidence. Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School 2013 Palate shape and depth : a shape matching and machine learning method for assessment of This study aims to avoid defects in traditional skull ancestry estimation methods, such as time-consuming and labor-intensive manual calibration of feature points, and subjective results. 2016. Crossref, Google Scholar; 21. estimation of ancestry is an important part of the forensic anthropologist‟s toolkit for medico-legal death investigations. ancestry estimation require evaluation, real-world testing, and validation, but also an end-product the user can appreci- ate: a classification for an unknown individual. The primary purpose of this research was to examine the utility of these traits . Study Ancestry Estimation -HB flashcards. Study is to present a new program—AncesTrees—developed for assessing ancestry based on metric.! 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